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Lucas is a city in Lucas County, Iowa, United States. The population was 216 at the 2010 census. ==History== The Burlington and Missouri River Railroad Company established a station at Lucas in 1866, named after Lucas County and Robert Lucas. A plat for the town was filed on May 9, 1868 and the town was incorporated on March 18, 1887.〔Tom Savage, (A Dictionary of Iowa Place Names ), University of Iowa Press, 2007; page 138.]〕 The town grew slowly until coal was discovered in the area.〔(History of Lucas County, Iowa ), State Historical Co., Des Moines, 1881; page 608.〕 In 1876, the Whitebreast Coal and Mining Company began working a shaft one mile (1.6 km) east of Lucas. This proved successful, and in 1878, they platted a company town there, which they named Cleveland . By 1880, Cleveland had a population of 380, and the first mine was producing 650 to 700 tons of coal per day by the labor of 280 miners and 33 mule drivers. A second mine was opened 3/4 mile from the first, and the two mines sold coal to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, and several other railroads to the south and west.〔(pages 611–614. )〕 The Cleveland post office was open from 1877 to 1891 and then reopened between 1899 and 1908.〔Cleveland Post Office (historical), in the (USGS Geographic Names Information System )〕 Very little remained of Cleveland by the 1930s.〔(1930's Aerial Photos ) taken by the USDA on the (Iowa Geographic Map Server ).〕 In 1893, the Lucas Coal Company was working a two-foot coal seam down, employing 24 men.〔(Sixth Biennial Report of the State Mine Inspectors to the Governor of the State of Iowa for the two years ending June 30, 1893 ), Ragsdale, Des Moines, 1893.〕 The Big Hill mine in Lucas worked a coal seam below the surface using room and pillar methods,〔(Eleventh Biennial Report of the State Mine Inspectors to the Governor of the State of Iowa for the Two Years Ending June 30, 1903 ), Murphy, Des Moines, 1903, page 35.〕 with a shaft not far from the Burlington station. This mine was closed in April 1904 and stripped of equipment, but by mid-1905, plans were in place to reopen it.〔(Twelfth Biennial Report of the State Mine Inspectors for the Two Years Ending June 30, 1905 to the Governor of the State of Iowa ), Brevard, Des Moines, 190X, page 44〕 The reopening lasted until 1907, when the mine was again closed, as the rock directly above the coal was sandstone and it was saturated with water.〔Henry Hinds, Coal Deposits of Iowa, (Annual Report, 1908 ), Iowa Geological Survey, 1909, pages 220–222.〕 This mine is noteworthy because John L Lewis got his first coal mining job here, before going on to head the United Mine Workers of America. United Mine Workers local 799 was organized in Lucas in 1899; its membership was 121 in 1902, but it fell to 57 in 1907 and just 24 in 1912. UMW local 1120 was organized in Cleveland in 1899; membership was 350 in 1902, fell to 125 in 1907 and no membership was reported in 1912. Mine wages varied from $2.36 to $2.56 per day in Cleveland in 1907 (there are no wage figures for Lucas that year).〔Trade Unions in Iowa – Table No. 1, Mine Workers of America, United, (Tenth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the State of Iowa, 1901–1902 ), Murphy, Des Moines, 1903; page 232.〕〔Trade Unions in Iowa, ///(Thirteenth Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the State of Iowa for the period 1906-1907 ), Des Moines, 1908; page 200.〕〔Tally Sheet, (Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Convention of the United Mine Workers of America ) Jan. 16 – Feb. 2, 1912, Indianapolis; Volume 2, page 182A.〕 In 1919, Lucas was home to the second most productive coal mine in Iowa, Mine No. 2 of the Central Iowa Fuel Company. This produced 217,169 tons of coal that year and employed 360 men.〔H. E. Pride, (Iowa Coal ), Bulletin No. 48, Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts Engineering Extension Department, Oct. 6, 1920.〕 The last coal mine in the Lucas area was the Iowa-Nebraska Mine, closed in 1923. This mine was located about southwest of Lucas ().〔(1930's Aerial Photos ) taken by the USDA on the (Iowa Geographic Map Server ).〕 The former mine site is now in the Lucas Unit of the Stephens State Forest.〔(The Birth of Lucas Iowa ), web page from the (John L. Lewis Museum ), Lucas, Iowa.〕 The site is now the site of Mine Pond and the Mine Pond Campground in the state forest.〔(Map of Lucas, Whitebreast and Woodburn Units ), of the (Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Forestry Bureau ) 2008.〕 This forest was a base of operations for the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. The CCC established the pine and hardwood forest that now dominates this land.〔(Stephens State Forest ) web page of the (Iowa Department of Natural Resources )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lucas, Iowa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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